Joshua Blodgett

Associate Professor of Biology
research interests:
  • Chemical Ecology
  • Biosynthesis, Regulation and Metabolism
  • Bioengineering and Synthetic Biology
  • Drug and Agricultural Lead Discovery
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    contact info:

    mailing address:

    • Washington University
    • CB 1137
    • One Brookings Drive
    • St. Louis, MO 63130-4899
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    Joshua Blodgett's lab is interested in a number of interdisciplinary questions surrounding bacterial small molecule production. These inquiries broadly span the fields of biology, chemistry, and ecology.

    Streptomyces bacteria and their close relatives rank amongst the most prolific producers of small molecules known to science. These organisms produce nearly half of all known microbial bioactive natural products and nearly 2/3rds of our clinically- utilized antibiotics. Understandably, they’ve had an immense impact on medicine and agriculture as producers of human and animal therapeutics, molecular probes, and crop protective agents.

    Although these bacteria have been a traditional source of valuable molecules, more recent genome analyses indicate that only a small fraction of their biosynthetic potential has been tapped thus far. This realization has engendered a new research paradigm; that of sequencing-based molecule discovery. Cognizant of the true molecule production capacity of these organisms, we’re now enabled to begin deciphering the evolutionary roles of these chemical modulators while creating opportunities to discover novel pharmacophores.

    The Blodgett lab is interested in a number of interdisciplinary questions surrounding bacterial small molecule production. These inquiries broadly span the fields of biology, chemistry, and ecology.

    recent courses

    Bacterial Bioprospecting and Biotechnology

    Many bacteria are essential in food industry (fermentation of meats, cheeses, and beverages), agriculture (crop protection against weeds, pathogenic bacteria, and fungi), biotechnology (producing fine chemicals, cofactors, amino acids, and industrial enzymes) and the pharmaceutical industry (producing clinical antibiotics, anticancer, antiviral, veterinary, and immunomodulatory drugs). This laboratory course examines how basic biological understanding can lead to discovery of bacterial products, enzymes and activities useful to humankind. We combine core concepts from biochemistry, bacterial genetics, bioinformatics, chemistry and enzymology to study bacteria from the genus Streptomyces and close relatives. Lines of inquiry include environmental isolations, molecular toolbox and host development, plus bioinformatic and laboratory-based analyses of secreted proteins and antibiotics.

      General Biochemistry I

      The first part of a two-semester survey of biochemistry. This course covers biological structures, enzymes, membranes, energy production and an introduction to metabolism.

        Selected Publications

        1. Lee C, Harper CP, Lee SG, Qi Y, Clay T, Aoi Y, Jez JM, Kasahara H, Blodgett JAV, Kunkel BN. Investigating the biosynthesis and roles of the auxin phenylacetic acid during Pseudomonas syringae-Arabidopsis thaliana pathogenesis. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2024 Jul 18;15:1408833. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1408833. PMID: 39091312; PMCID: PMC11291249.
        1. Harper CP, Day A, Tsingos M, Ding E, Zeng E, Stumpf SD, Qi Y, Robinson A, Greif J, Blodgett JAV. Critical analysis of polycyclic tetramate macrolactam biosynthetic gene cluster phylogeny and functional diversity. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2024 Jun 18;90(6):e0060024. doi: 10.1128/aem.00600-24. Epub 2024 May 21. PubMed PMID: 38771054; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11218653.
        1. Hagar M, Morgan KD, Stumpf SD, Tsingos M, Banuelos CA, Sadar MD, Blodgett JAV, Andersen RJ, Ryan KS. Piperazate-Guided Isolation of Caveamides A and B, Cyclohexenylalanine-Containing Nonribosomal Peptides from a Cave Actinomycete. Organic Letters. 2024 May 17;26(19):4127-4131. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01218. Epub 2024 May 8. PubMed PMID: 3871830
        1. Li C, Sarotti AM, Daranas AH, Wu X, Zheng SL, Blodgett JAV, Cao S. Chemical Stability of Petrichorins. Journal of Organic Chemistry. 2022 Dec 16;87(24):16847-16850. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01275. Epub 2022 Dec 7. PubMed PMID: 36475686.
        1. Li C, Hu Y, Wu X, Stumpf SD, Qi Y, D'Alessandro JM, Nepal KK, Sarotti AM, Cao S, Blodgett JAV. Discovery of unusual dimeric piperazyl cyclopeptides encoded by a Lentzea flaviverrucosa DSM 44664 biosynthetic supercluster. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U S A. 2022 Apr 26;119(17):e2117941119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2117941119. Epub 2022 Apr 19. PubMed PMID: 35439047; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9169926.
        1. Yang J, Qi Y, Blodgett JAV, Wencewicz TA. Multifunctional P450 Monooxygenase CftA Diversifies the Clifednamide Pool through Tandem C-H Bond Activations. Journal of Natural Products. 2022 Jan 28;85(1):47-55. doi: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c0060 Epub 2022 Jan 4. PubMed PMID: 35086337.
        1. Qi Y, Nepal KK, Blodgett JAV. A comparative metabologenomic approach reveals mechanistic insights into Streptomyces antibiotic crypticity.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U S A. 2021 Aug 3;118(31). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2103515118. PubMed PMID: 34326261; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8346890.
        1. Qi Y, Nepal KK, Greif J, Martini C, Tomlinson C, Markovic C, Fronick C, Blodgett JAV. Draft Genome Sequences of Two Polycyclic Tetramate Macrolactam Producers, Streptomyces sp. Strains JV180 and SP18CM02. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 2020 Dec 10;9(50). doi: 10.1128/MRA.01066-20. PubMed PMID: 33303657; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7729405.
        1. Shigdel UK, Lee SJ, Sowa ME, Bowman BR, Robison K, Zhou M, Pua KH, Stiles DT, Blodgett JAV, Udwary DW, Rajczewski AT, Mann AS, Mostafavi S, Hardy T, Arya S, Weng Z, Stewart M, Kenyon K, Morgenstern JP, Pan E, Gray DC, Pollock RM, Fry AM, Klausner RD, Townson SA, Verdine GL. Genomic discovery of an evolutionarily programmed modality for small-molecule targeting of an intractable protein surface.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U S A. 2020 Jul 21;117(29):17195-17203. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2006560117. Epub 2020 Jun 30. PubMed PMID: 32606248; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7382241.
        1. Ko B, D'Alessandro J, Douangkeomany L, Stumpf S, deButts A, Blodgett J. Construction of a new integrating vector from actinophage ϕOZJ and its use in multiplex Streptomyces transformation. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2020 Jan;47(1):73-81. doi: 1007/s10295-019-02246-7. Epub 2019 Nov 8. PubMed PMID: 31705217.
        1. Hu Y, Qi Y, Stumpf SD, D'Alessandro JM, Blodgett JAV. Bioinformatic and Functional Evaluation of Actinobacterial Piperazate Metabolism. ACS Chemical Biology. 2019 Apr 19;14(4):696-703. doi: 10.1021/acschembio.8b01086. Epub 2019 Apr 9. PubMed PMID: 309215
        1. Qi Y, Ding E, Blodgett JAV. Native and Engineered Clifednamide Biosynthesis in Multiple Streptomyces spp. ACS Synthetic Biology. 2018 Feb 16;7(2):357-362. doi: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00349. Epub 2017 Dec 20. PubMed PMID: 29249153.
        1. Qi Y, D'Alessandro JM, Blodgett JAV. Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces sp. Strain JV178, a Producer of Clifednamide-Type Polycyclic Tetramate Macrolactams. Genome Announcements. 2018 Jan 4;6(1). doi: 10.1128/genomeA.01401-17. PubMed PMID: 29301882; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5754491.
        1. Bilitewski U, Blodgett JAV, Duhme-Klair AK, Dallavalle S, Laschat S, Routledge A, Schobert R. Chemical and Biological Aspects of Nutritional Immunity-Perspectives for New Anti-Infectives that Target Iron Uptake Systems. Angewandte Chemie International Edition (Engl). 2017 Nov 13;56(46):14360-14382. doi: 10.1002/anie.201701586. Epub 2017 Oct 13. Review. PubMed PMID: 28439959.
        1. Blodgett JA, Zhang JK, Yu X, Metcalf WW. Conserved biosynthetic pathways for phosalacine, bialaphos and newly discovered phosphonic acid natural products. Journal of Antibiotics (Tokyo). 2016 Jan;69(1):15-25. doi: 10.1038/ja.2077. Epub 2015 Sep 2. PubMed PMID: 26328935; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4731264.
        1. Book AJ, Lewin GR, McDonald BR, Takasuka TE, Doering DT, Adams AS, Blodgett JA, Clardy J, Raffa KF, Fox BG, Currie CR. Cellulolytic Streptomyces strains associated with herbivorous insects share a phylogenetically linked capacity to degrade lignocellulose. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2014 Aug;80(15):4692-701. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01133-14. PubMed PMID: 24837391; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4148805.
        1. Cao S, Blodgett JA, Clardy J. Targeted discovery of polycyclic tetramate macrolactams from an environmental Streptomyces strain. Organic Letters. 2010 Oct 15;12(20):4652-4. doi: 10.1021/ol1020064. PubMed PMID: 20843016; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2952660.
        1. Blodgett JA, Oh DC, Cao S, Currie CR, Kolter R, Clardy J. Common biosynthetic origins for polycyclic tetramate macrolactams from phylogenetically diverse bacteria.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U S A. 2010 Jun 29;107(26):11692-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1001513107. Epub 2010 Jun 14. PubMed PMID: 20547882; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2900643.
        1. Seyedsayamdost MR, Chandler JR, Blodgett JA, Lima PS, Duerkop BA, Oinuma K, Greenberg EP, Clardy J. Quorum-sensing-regulated bactobolin production by Burkholderia thailandensis E264. Organic Letters. 2010 Feb 19;12(4):716-9. doi: 10.1021/ol902751x. PubMed PMID: 20095633; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2821070.
        1. Cicchillo RM, Zhang H, Blodgett JA, Whitteck JT, Li G, Nair SK, van der Donk WA, Metcalf WW. An unusual carbon-carbon bond cleavage reaction during phosphinothricin biosynthesis. Nature. 2009 Jun 11;459(7248):871-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07972. PubMed PMID: 19516340; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2874955.
        1. Shao Z, Blodgett JA, Circello BT, Eliot AC, Woodyer R, Li G, van der Donk WA, Metcalf WW, Zhao H. Biosynthesis of 2-hydroxyethylphosphonate, an unexpected intermediate common to multiple phosphonate biosynthetic pathways. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2008 Aug 22;283(34):23161-8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M801788200. Epub 2008 Jun 10. PubMed PMID: 18544530; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2516978.
        1. Blodgett JA, Thomas PM, Li G, Velasquez JE, van der Donk WA, Kelleher NL, Metcalf WW. Unusual transformations in the biosynthesis of the antibiotic phosphinothricin tripeptide. Nature Chemical Biology. 2007 Aug;3(8):480-5. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.2007.9. Epub 2007 Jul 15. PubMed PMID: 17632514; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4313788.
        1. Woodyer RD, Shao Z, Thomas PM, Kelleher NL, Blodgett JA, Metcalf WW, van der Donk WA, Zhao H. Heterologous production of fosfomycin and identification of the minimal biosynthetic gene cluster. Chemistry and Biology. 2006 Nov;13(11):1171-82. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2006.09.007. PubMed PMID: 17113999.
        1. Blodgett JA, Zhang JK, Metcalf WW. Molecular cloning, sequence analysis, and heterologous expression of the phosphinothricin tripeptide biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces viridochromogenes DSM 40736. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2005 Jan;49(1):230-40. doi: 10.1128/AAC.49.1.230-240.2005. PubMed PMID: 15616300; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC538901.

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